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Test your knowledge with these 171 questions
Assertion (A): The posterior pituitary is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus.Reason (R): Hormones originating in the hypothalamic neurons pass through a portal circulatory system to reach the anterior pituitary.Choose the correct option:
Match the columns based on the provided NCERT NCERT:
The hypothalamus produces two types of hormones: releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones. Which of the following pairs correctly represents a hypothalamic hormone and the specific pituitary function it regulates as described in the NCERT?
Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the regulation of the pituitary gland by the hypothalamus?
How many of the following glands/organs are mentioned in the NCERT as "organised endocrine bodies"?i. Liverii. Pinealiii. Pancreasiv. Kidneyv. Testisvi. Ovary
Identify the correct pathway for the synthesis and release of hormones from the hypothalamus that regulate the anterior pituitary. Which of the following statements correctly traces this pathway?
Assertion (A): Somatostatin is an example of a hypothalamic hormone that inhibits the secretion of a pituitary hormone.Reason (R): Hormones from the hypothalamus are of two types: releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following hormones is produced by the hypothalamus but acts on the pituitary gland to inhibit the release of another hormone?
Which of the following statements about the human endocrine system, as described in the NCERT, is TRUE?
Match the following glands/organs with their classification as described in the provided NCERT NCERT.
The hypothalamus produces a hormone called GnRH. This hormone travels through a portal circulatory system to the anterior pituitary. What is the direct consequence of this?
A fully mature graafian follicle undergoes ovulation due to the induction by a hormone. This same hormone is also responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum. Which hormone is being described?
Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between the two posterior pituitary hormones mentioned in the NCERT?
The pituitary gland is divided anatomically into two main parts. Identify them and the correct hormones they produce/store and release.
Which of the following conditions is correctly linked to the hormone imbalance as described in the NCERT?
Statement I: The pars intermedia is almost merged with pars distalis in humans.Statement II: The neurohypophysis is also known as pars nervosa.Statement III: Oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesised by the pituitary gland.How many of the above statements are correct?
Which of the following functions is performed by Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in females as described in the NCERT?
Over-secretion of which hormone can lead to the condition known as gigantism?
What is the function of the hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)?
An impairment affecting the synthesis or release of ADH leads to a condition characterized by:
Which of the following is an example of a gonadotrophin hormone whose function in males is to regulate spermatogenesis along with androgens?
Assertion (A): Over-secretion of GH in adults can lead to Acromegaly.Reason (R): Acromegaly is a disease that can result in severe disfigurement, especially of the face.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following statements about the pituitary gland is INCORRECT?
Match the pituitary hormone in Column I with its specific function in Column II.
Which of the following functions is not influenced by the hormone melatonin?
Assertion (A): Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to cretinism in the growing baby.Reason (R): Iodine deficiency in the diet results in hypothyroidism and goitre.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of exophthalmic goitre (Graves’ disease)?
Which of the following hormones is a hypercalcemic peptide hormone that increases blood Ca2+ levels?
Identify the incorrect statement regarding the thyroid gland and its hormones.
Which of the following processes are supported by thyroid hormones?
What is the effect of thymosins on the immune system?
Which of the following are consequences of hypothyroidism in adult women, as described in the NCERT?
The secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is regulated by:
Match the gland with its location as described in NCERT.
The hormone melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, plays a very important role in regulating the 24-hour diurnal rhythm of the body. In which specific process does this hormone NOT have a direct influence?
Assertion (A): Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can cause cretinism in the growing baby.Reason (R): Iodine is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid.Choose the correct option:
Exophthalmic goitre, also known as Graves’ disease, is a form of hyperthyroidism. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of this condition?
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the parathyroid gland and its hormone?
The hormone thymosin, secreted by the thymus gland, is responsible for which of the following immune functions?
A 35-year-old woman is experiencing an irregular menstrual cycle, along with symptoms of low metabolic rate. Based on NCERT, these symptoms are most likely due to:
Which of the following is a function of thyroid hormones as described in NCERT?
In humans, the parathyroid glands are present on the back side of the thyroid gland. What is the number of parathyroid glands present?
Match the hormone with its specific function as described in NCERT.
Which of the following conditions is a result of hypothyroidism during pregnancy, leading to low intelligence quotient and mental retardation?
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the location of the glands?
The secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is regulated by the circulating levels of:
What is the function of the hormone TCT (thyrocalcitonin) secreted by the thyroid gland?
Due to the degeneration of the thymus gland in old individuals, which of the following is a direct consequence on their immune system?
A thin flap of connective tissue called isthmus interconnects the two lobes of which gland?
Which of the following statements about the pineal gland is correct?
Statement I: Hypothyroidism in adult women can cause an irregular menstrual cycle.Statement II: Hyperthyroidism is caused by an abnormally high rate of synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.Statement III: Exophthalmic goitre is a condition of hypothyroidism.How many of the above statements are correct?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) play a significant role in:
The degradation of which of the following glands in old individuals leads to a weakening of their immune responses?
Which of the following is an INCORRECT match of a hormone and its primary site of action?
Cortisol, the main glucocorticoid in the human body, is involved in maintaining which of the following?
Which of the following is a symptom of Addison’s disease, caused by underproduction of hormones by the adrenal cortex?
The centrally located tissue of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal medulla. What hormones does it secrete?
Assertion (A): Catecholamines are called emergency hormones.Reason (R): They are secreted rapidly in response to stress and emergency situations.Choose the correct option:
The adrenal cortex is divided into three layers. Which layer is correctly matched with its position?
Which of the following functions is performed by the hormone cortisol?
Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that acts on the renal tubules to stimulate the reabsorption of which of the following ions?
Which of the following is NOT a function of catecholamines?
Small amounts of androgenic steroids are secreted by the adrenal cortex and play a role in the growth of:
Which of the following hormones would directly stimulate an increased concentration of glucose in the blood by breaking down glycogen?
The hormone that helps in the maintenance of body fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure is:
What is the term given to the hormones that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and secreted by the adrenal cortex?
Which of the following hormones suppresses the immune response and stimulates red blood cell production?
Match the hormone with its primary function as described in NCERT.
The two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are collectively called:
Which of the following is not a symptom of the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline?
Which of the following describes the location of the adrenal glands in the human body?
The process of gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis is stimulated by:
Underproduction of hormones by the adrenal cortex leads to a disease known as:
Which hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, helps in the maintenance of electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure?
A patient presents with acute weakness, fatigue, and a severe imbalance of water and electrolytes. Diagnostic tests show abnormally low levels of hormones from the adrenal cortex. Based on the NCERT NCERT, this condition is most likely related to a deficiency of:
A 50-year-old male exhibits a decreased immune response and is more susceptible to infections. Histological examination reveals a degenerated gland located between the lungs. The most probable cause for this condition is the decreased production of a peptide hormone from this gland, which is responsible for:
Assertion (A): PTH is considered a hypercalcemic hormone.Reason (R): It stimulates the reabsorption of Ca2+ by renal tubules and increases Ca2+ absorption from digested food to increase blood calcium levels.Choose the correct option:
A patient is diagnosed with an abnormally high basal metabolic rate, protrusion of eyeballs, and rapid weight loss. Which of the following conditions would be the most likely cause, and what is its specific trigger based on NCERT?
Which of the following describes the correct sequence of events initiated by an emergency situation, as described in NCERT?
The pancreas acts as both an exocrine and endocrine gland. What percentage of the pancreatic tissue do the endocrine cells, known as the Islets of Langerhans, represent in a normal human pancreas?
Which of the following is a direct effect of glucagon acting on hepatocytes?
Insulin is a peptide hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Which two types of cells are its main targets?
A patient is suffering from prolonged hyperglycemia, and their urine test shows the presence of glucose. Based on the NCERT NCERT, which of the following conditions and associated symptoms would be present?
Which of the following hormones is considered a hyperglycemic hormone, and what is its effect on cellular glucose uptake?
Assertion (A): Insulin is a peptide hormone that stimulates glycogenesis.Reason (R): Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose to glycogen in target cells.Choose the correct option:
The two main types of cells in the Islets of Langerhans are the a-cells and b-cells. What hormones do these cells secrete, respectively?
Which of the following processes is stimulated by glucagon and contributes to hyperglycemia?
Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to diabetes mellitus. What are the two main characteristics of this disorder as mentioned in the NCERT NCERT?
Which of the following pairs of hormones maintains glucose homeostasis in the blood jointly?
Assertion (A): Insulin causes a rapid movement of glucose from blood to hepatocytes and adipocytes.Reason (R): Insulin enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about the endocrine pancreas?
The process of gluconeogenesis, which contributes to hyperglycemia, is stimulated by:
What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels and the process of glycogenesis?
Which of the following hormones is used to treat patients with diabetes mellitus?
Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose.
Which of the following processes is a direct consequence of a rapid movement of glucose from blood to hepatocytes and adipocytes?
A patient is undergoing insulin therapy. What is the primary reason for this treatment based on the provided NCERT?
Glucagon is a peptide hormone. Which of the following statements about its function is correct?
The formation of ketone bodies in the urine is associated with which complex disorder?
Which of the following is NOT an action of insulin on its target cells?
Which of the following statements about glucose homeostasis in blood is correct?
Assertion (A): Glucagon is a hypoglycemic hormone.Reason (R): It acts on liver cells to stimulate glycogenolysis, increasing blood sugar.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following correctly describes the roles of insulin and glucagon in carbohydrate metabolism?
Match the hormone with its type of cell and target cells.
A male individual presents with stunted muscular growth, lack of facial hair, and low libido. Which endocrine gland is most likely malfunctioning, and what group of hormones is deficient?
Which of the following is NOT a function of androgens as described in NCERT?
Assertion (A): The testis performs dual functions as a primary sex organ and an endocrine gland.Reason (R): The Leydig cells in the testis secrete androgens, which have anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.Choose the correct option:
The group of hormones produced by the Leydig cells in the intertubular spaces of the testis is called:
Which of the following are examples of male accessory sex organs whose functions are regulated by androgens?
Androgens influence the central neural system to impact which of the following?
The anabolic effects of androgens are specifically on which of the following?
Which of the following hormones plays a major stimulatory role in the formation of spermatozoa?
Match the hormone with the site of its production.
Which of the following functions are regulated by androgens?
A female patient reports a high-pitched voice and well-developed mammary glands, but she is experiencing difficulties with her menstrual cycle. These symptoms are most consistent with a problem in the secretion of:
Which of the following statements about the hormones secreted by the ovary is incorrect?
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is converted into a structure that secretes mainly progesterone. What is this structure called?
Match the hormone with its specific effect on female secondary sexual characteristics.
Which of the following correctly describes the roles of estrogen and progesterone on mammary glands?
Assertion (A): Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum.Reason (R): It is essential for the stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following organs is the primary female sex organ that also produces two groups of steroid hormones?
Which hormone supports pregnancy and is secreted mainly by a structure formed after ovulation?
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the growing ovarian follicles?
All of the following are functions of estrogens except:
A patient with dangerously high blood pressure is likely to have an increased secretion of which hormone to counteract the condition, and what is its effect on the blood vessels?
A patient is suffering from a condition characterized by a low RBC count. Based on the NCERT NCERT, which organ would be a primary target for treatment to stimulate erythropoiesis?
The hormone Secretin acts on the exocrine pancreas. What is its specific function?
Which of the following GI hormones acts on both the pancreas and the gall bladder to stimulate the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice, respectively?
The hormone which inhibits gastric secretion and motility is:
Assertion (A): Erythropoietin is a peptide hormone secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.Reason (R): Its function is to stimulate the formation of RBC.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following is an INCORRECT match of a hormone and its site of secretion?
The hormone Gastrin, secreted by endocrine cells of the gastro-intestinal tract, stimulates which of the following?
The growth factors secreted by non-endocrine tissues are essential for:
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the heart and acts as a vasodilator to decrease blood pressure?
A hormone receptor is specific to a single hormone. This specificity is primarily due to:
A group of hormones, including cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone, are known to interact with intracellular receptors. These hormones are chemically classified as:
Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism of action of hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors?
An individual is suffering from a condition where a peptide hormone is being secreted normally, but its target cell shows no physiological response. A likely reason for this, based on the mechanism of hormone action, is:
Which of the following is an example of an intracellular receptor and a hormone that binds to it?
Hormone-receptor complex formation leads to certain biochemical changes. These changes ultimately result in the regulation of:
Assertion (A): Steroid hormones mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function.Reason (R): They are able to enter the target cell and form a hormone-receptor complex inside the cell.Choose the correct option:
Which of the following hormones is an example of an amino-acid derivative?
Match the hormone type with its example.
Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors generate which of the following second messengers?