Quiz - biology - Excretory Products and their Elimination-A & R questions

Q1. Assertion: Uric acid can be eliminated with a minimal loss of water.
Reason: Uric acid is the least toxic among the major nitrogenous wastes. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q2. Assertion: Ammonia is generally excreted by diffusion across body surfaces or through gill surfaces (in fish) as ammonium ions.
Reason: Ammonia is readily soluble in water. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q3. Assertion: The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule, called podocytes, are arranged in an intricate manner, leaving some minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores.
Reason: Ultrafiltration is the first step of urine formation. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q4. Assertion: The PCT, DCT, and collecting duct help maintain the pH and ionic balance of the blood by the selective secretion of $$H^{+}$$ and $$K^{+}$$ ions.
Reason: Both the PCT and DCT are capable of reabsorbing $$HCO_3^{-}$$ ions. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q5. Assertion: The vasa recta along with Henle's loop forms a counter-current mechanism.
Reason: The flow of blood in the two limbs of Henle's loop is in opposite directions. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q6. Assertion: The functioning of the kidney is efficiently monitored by hormonal feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus, JGA, and the heart.
Reason: An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate osmoreceptors, which stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH from the adenohypophysis. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q7. Assertion: Sweat glands help in the removal of sterols, hydrocarbons, and waxes.
Reason: Sebaceous glands eliminate certain substances like NaCl, a small amount of urea, and lactic acid through sebum. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q8. Assertion: Sebum provides a protective oily covering for the skin.
Reason: Small amounts of nitrogenous wastes can also be eliminated through saliva. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q9. Assertion: In hemodialysis, blood drained from a convenient vein is pumped into a dialyzing unit after adding an anticoagulant like heparin.
Reason: The cleared blood is pumped back to the body through a vein after adding an anti-heparin agent. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q10. Assertion: Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive urination and a strong thirst for water.
Reason: Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q11. Assertion: Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water.
Reason: Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and has a higher osmotic pressure than the blood. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q12. Assertion: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is important in controlling the sodium and potassium ion concentration in mammals.
Reason: It increases sodium ion concentration in the ECF by promoting the reabsorption of sodium ions from the renal tubules and the excretion of potassium ions in the urine. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q13. Assertion: Ultrafiltration takes place in the presence of an effective filtration pressure.
Reason: In the ultrafiltration process, blood is filtered in Bowman's capsule, and the filtered fluid also contains proteins and blood corpuscles. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q14. Assertion: A person with diabetes insipidus feels thirsty.
Reason: A person with diabetes insipidus suffers from an excess secretion of vasopressin (ADH). Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q15. Assertion: Failure of the secretion of the hormone vasopressin causes diabetes mellitus in a patient.
Reason: Vasopressin increases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water from the urine. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q16. Assertion: In vertebrates, the liver is also referred to as an accessory excretory organ.
Reason: The liver helps the kidneys in the secretion of urine. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q17. Assertion: Arthritis, or inflammation of a joint, makes the joint painful.
Reason: In some cases, toxic substances are deposited at the joint. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q18. Assertion: Hemodialysis can save and prolong the life of uremic patients.
Reason: Waste products like urea can be removed from the blood by the process of hemodialysis. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q19. Assertion: ADH and RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) work in response to low blood volume and blood pressure.
Reason: ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) works in response to high blood volume and blood pressure. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q20. Assertion: Reptiles, birds, and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of a pellet or paste.
Reason: Uric acid, being the least toxic, can be excreted with a minimum loss of water. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q21. Assertion: Many bony fishes are ammonotelic.
Reason: Ammonia, as it is readily soluble, is generally excreted by diffusion across a permeable body surface or through the gill surface as ammonium ions. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q22. Assertion: The Malpighian corpuscles, PCT, and DCT of a nephron are situated in the cortical region of the kidney.
Reason: In cortical nephrons, the loop of Henle is very long and runs deep into the medulla. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q23. Assertion: On average, 1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute.
Reason: This constitutes roughly 1/5th part of the blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in a minute. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q24. Assertion: Reabsorption is maximum in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Reason: This region plays an insignificant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

hard

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q25. Assertion: Substances like glucose, amino acids, and $$Na^{+}$$ in the glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed actively.
Reason: Nitrogenous wastes and water in the glomerular filtrate are absorbed by passive transport. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q26. Assertion: The ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) mechanism acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
Reason: ANF can cause vasodilation and thereby decrease blood pressure. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q27. Assertion: Other than kidneys, the lungs also help in the elimination of excretory wastes.
Reason: Our lungs remove a large amount of $$CO_2$$ and significant quantities of water every day. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q28. Assertion: The analysis of urine helps in the chemical diagnosis of many metabolic disorders as well as a malfunctioning kidney.
Reason: The presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q29. Assertion: A stone formed within the kidney is called renal calculi.
Reason: Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney is called glomerulonephritis. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q30. Assertion: The human kidney can excrete urine that is much more concentrated than the initial filtrate.
Reason: The human kidney produces concentrated urine by using a medullary gradient and a counter-current mechanism. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q31. Assertion: The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole.
Reason: Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an efferent arteriole. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q32. Assertion: The urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium.
Reason: The epithelium of the urinary bladder supports the expansion of the bladder. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q33. Assertion: Urine is a light yellow-colored, watery fluid with a slightly acidic pH.
Reason: Urine contains the pigment urochrome, which is a breakdown product of hemoglobin from worn-out RBCs. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q34. Assertion: During urine formation, NaCl is transported by the descending limb of the loop of Henle, which is exchanged with the ascending limb of the vasa recta.
Reason: A small amount of urea enters the ascending limb of the vasa recta, which is transported back to the interstitium by the collecting tubule. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

hard

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q35. Assertion: A fall in GFR can activate the JG (Juxtaglomerular) cells to release renin.
Reason: Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of $$Na^{+}$$ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q36. Assertion: The liver secretes bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, etc.
Reason: Most of these substances ultimately pass out along with urine. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q37. Assertion: In the descending limb of the loop of Henle, the filtrate is hypertonic, while in the ascending limb, the filtrate is hypotonic.
Reason: The descending limb is permeable to $$Na^{+}$$ and the ascending limb is permeable to water. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q38. Assertion: The Malpighian corpuscles, PCT, and DCT of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of the kidney.
Reason: In the majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is very long and runs deep into the medulla. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q39. Assertion: The malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to the accumulation of urea in the blood, a condition called uremia.
Reason: Kidney transplantation is the ultimate method for the correction of acute renal failures. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q40. Assertion: An excessive loss of fluid from the body can activate osmoreceptors which stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH from the neurohypophysis.
Reason: ADH facilitates water reabsorption from the latter parts of the tubule, thereby preventing diuresis. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q41. Assertion: In some nephrons, the loop of Henle is very long and runs deep into the medulla.
Reason: The vasa recta is either absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q42. Assertion: During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete substances like $$H^{+}$$, $$K^{+}$$ and ammonia into the filtrate.
Reason: Reabsorption of water also occurs actively in the initial segments of the nephron. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q43. Assertion: Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of $$Na^{+}$$ and the excretion of $$K^{+}$$ .
Reason: To maintain the pH of blood, the kidney secretes $$H^{+}$$ and ammonia. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q44. Assertion: Conditional reabsorption of $$Na^{+}$$ and water takes place in the DCT (Distal Convoluted Tubule).
Reason: The DCT is capable of selective secretion of hydrogen, potassium ions, and ammonia. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q45. Assertion: ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) is a vasodilator and it increases urine volume.
Reason: ANF is secreted by the wall of the atria of the heart. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q46. Assertion: A large amount of water can be reabsorbed from the collecting duct to produce concentrated urine.
Reason: The collecting duct plays a role in the maintenance of pH and ionic balance of the blood by selective secretion of $$H^{+}$$ and $$K^{+}$$ ions. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q47. Assertion: Angiotensin II increases the glomerular blood pressure, thereby increasing GFR.
Reason: Angiotensin II activates the adrenal medulla to secrete aldosterone. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q48. Assertion: The counter-current mechanism helps to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.
Reason: This gradient is mainly caused by NaCl and urea. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q49. Assertion: Reabsorption is maximum in the PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule).
Reason: It is lined with a simple cuboidal brush border epithelium. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q50. Assertion: Protonephridia are the excretory structures in flatworms, rotifers, and Amphioxus.
Reason: Protonephridia are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation (osmoregulation). Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

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Biology - Excretory Products and their Elimination-A & R questions

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Biology - Excretory Products and their Elimination-A & R questions

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