Quiz - biology - Breathing And Exchange Of Gases-A & R questions

Q1. Assertion: Carbon dioxide's diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is significantly higher than that of oxygen for the same partial pressure gradient.
Reason: The solubility of carbon dioxide in the respiratory membrane is about 20-25 times greater than the solubility of oxygen. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q2. Assertion: The respiratory diffusion membrane is composed of three main layers: the thin squamous epithelium of the alveoli, the endothelium of the alveolar capillaries, and the basement substance between them.
Reason: The combined thickness of the respiratory diffusion membrane is much greater than a millimeter. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q3. Assertion: All physiological factors in our body are conducive to the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the tissues and of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the alveoli.
Reason: The role of oxygen in regulating respiratory rhythm is quite significant. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q4. Assertion: Oxygen binds with hemoglobin in an irreversible manner to form oxyhemoglobin.
Reason: The binding of oxygen with hemoglobin is primarily dependent on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q5. Assertion: Under normal physiological conditions, 100 mL of oxygenated blood can deliver about 4 mL of oxygen to the tissues.
Reason: Approximately 5 mL of carbon dioxide is delivered to the alveoli by every 100 mL of deoxygenated blood. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q6. Assertion: Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disorder where the respiratory surface area is decreased.
Reason: In emphysema, the alveolar walls are damaged. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q7. Assertion: Asthma is characterized by difficulty in breathing and a wheezing sound.
Reason: Asthma is caused by the inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q8. Assertion: A chemosensitive area, highly sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions, is located near the respiratory rhythm center.
Reason: Receptors in the aortic arch and carotid artery can detect changes in oxygen and hydrogen ion concentration, sending signals to the rhythm center for corrective actions. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q9. Assertion: Red blood cells (RBCs) contain a very high concentration of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, while only minute quantities of it are found in the plasma.
Reason: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q10. Assertion: Oxygen binds to hemoglobin at the lung surface and dissociates from it at the tissues.
Reason: Carbon dioxide is trapped as bicarbonate at the tissue level and is released as CO, at the alveoli for exhalation. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q11. Assertion: Mammals have developed a complex respiratory system.
Reason: Mammalian skin is impermeable to gases. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q12. Assertion: Inspiration occurs due to muscular relaxation.
Reason: During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax simultaneously. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q13. Assertion: Amphibians like frogs can respire through their skin.
Reason: The skin of a frog is moist, glandular, and highly vascular. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q14. Assertion: Smoking makes oxygen less available to the body.
Reason: In the presence of carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen binds less with hemoglobin (Hb). Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q15. Assertion: A condition of oxygen deficiency in the body, known as hypoxia, can occur at high altitudes.
Reason: The percentage of oxygen in the air decreases at high altitudes. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q16. Assertion: Most aquatic arthropods and molluscs use specialized, vascularized structures called gills for respiration.
Reason: Terrestrial arthropods also have gills. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q17. Assertion: Alveoli serve as the primary site for the exchange of gases.
Reason: Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in the alveoli through the process of simple diffusion. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q18. Assertion: The pneumotaxic center can modulate the functions of the respiratory rhythm center.
Reason: Neural signals from the pneumotaxic center can shorten the duration of inspiration, thereby changing the respiratory rate. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q19. Assertion: Hemoglobin cannot achieve more than 70% saturation with oxygen.
Reason: The affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin increases with a rise in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q20. Assertion: Inspiration happens when the intrapulmonary pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure.
Reason: Inspiration is triggered by the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q21. Assertion: The nasopharynx is the part of the pharynx located above the soft palate, at the back of the nose.
Reason: The larynx is often referred to as the sound box. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q22. Assertion: The trachea, primary and secondary bronchi, and initial bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings.
Reason: These cartilaginous rings prevent the respiratory passages from collapsing. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q23. Assertion: The two lungs are encased by a double-layered pleura, which has pleural fluid between the layers.
Reason: The pleural fluid serves to reduce friction on the lung surface. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q24. Assertion: The value of tidal volume in a healthy human is approximately 6000-8000 mL per minute.
Reason: The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful expiration is 1100-1200 mL. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q25. Assertion: Oxygen binds with hemoglobin in an irreversible manner.
Reason: Carbon dioxide combines with hemoglobin in both an irreversible and reversible manner. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q26. Assertion: At the alveoli, where there is a high partial pressure of O,, a low partial pressure of CO,, lower H+ concentration, and lower temperature, all factors are favorable for the formation of oxyhemoglobin.
Reason: Every 100 mL of oxygenated blood normally delivers approximately 2.5 mL of O, to the tissues. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q27. Assertion: Carbon dioxide is carried by hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin (approximately 20-25%).
Reason: When the partial pressure of CO, is high and the partial pressure of O, is low, as in the tissues, more binding of CO, to hemoglobin occurs. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q28. Assertion: The respiratory rhythm center, located in the pons region of the brain, is responsible for the regulation of respiration.
Reason: The pneumotaxic center, located in the medulla region of the brain, moderates the respiratory rhythm center. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q29. Assertion: The lungs are located in the thoracic chamber, which is an anatomically air-tight chamber.
Reason: The role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q30. Assertion: Humans exhibit negative pressure breathing.
Reason: Humans can eat and breathe at the same time. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q31. Assertion: Muscles are absent from the walls of the lungs.
Reason: The lungs are located within the thoracic chamber, which is an anatomically sealed chamber. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q32. Assertion: The larynx is referred to as the sound box.
Reason: It is a cartilaginous structure that helps in sound production. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q33. Assertion: During inspiration, the muscles of the diaphragm contract, which causes it to flatten.
Reason: For inspiration to occur, the pressure inside the lungs needs to be greater than the atmospheric pressure. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q34. Assertion: The trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles constitute the conducting part of the respiratory tract.
Reason: The trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles are involved in air movement but not in the exchange of gases. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q35. Assertion: The pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture of gases is known as its partial pressure.
Reason: The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is 104 mmHg. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q36. Assertion: A high partial pressure of carbon dioxide is a factor that causes the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the right.
Reason: A high partial pressure of carbon dioxide promotes the dissociation of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q37. Assertion: The chemosensitive area near the neural respiratory centers is sensitive to a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the venous blood.
Reason: The chemosensitive area directly affects the muscles of forceful breathing and increases the breathing rate. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

hard

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q38. Assertion: Each hemoglobin molecule can carry a maximum of four molecules of oxygen.
Reason: Each hemoglobin molecule consists of four globin chains, four heme parts, and four iron atoms. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q39. Assertion: Every 1000 mL of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 40 mL of carbon dioxide to the alveoli.
Reason: Every 1000 mL of oxygenated blood can deliver around 50 mL of oxygen to the tissues under normal physiological conditions. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q40. Assertion: A person's breathing becomes very difficult, and they may even die, if the thoracic wall is punctured but the lungs are not.
Reason: When the thoracic wall is punctured, air enters the space between the lungs and the wall of the thoracic chamber, preventing the lungs from expanding. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q41. Assertion: The exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood occurs by simple diffusion.
Reason: Diffusion capacity is dependent on the solubility of the diffusing gases. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q42. Assertion: When the pneumotaxic center is active, inspiration lasts for a shorter duration.
Reason: Signals from the pneumotaxic center cause more filling of the lungs and increase the depth of expiration. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q43. Assertion: Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disorder in which the alveolar walls are damaged.
Reason: A wheezing sound during breathing is the main feature of emphysema. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q44. Assertion: The partial pressure of oxygen ($$O_2$$) in atmospheric air is approximately 159 mmHg, but when the air reaches the alveoli, it is only 104 mmHg.
Reason: The air already present in the alveoli mixes with the inhaled air, which lowers the partial pressure of oxygen. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q45. Assertion: The cartilaginous rings of the trachea are incomplete on the dorsal side.
Reason: Complete rings would obstruct the esophagus. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q46. Assertion: Any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity is reflected in a corresponding change in pulmonary volume.
Reason: The parietal pleura is closely connected to the rib cage. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

medium

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q47. Assertion: The role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.
Reason: Central and peripheral chemoreceptors are highly sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentrations, not to oxygen. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

hard

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q48. Assertion: The solubility of gases can affect their rate of diffusion.
Reason: The thickness of the membrane involved in diffusion can also affect the rate of diffusion. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q49. Assertion: The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve has a sigmoidal (S-shaped) form.
Reason: The binding of one oxygen molecule to hemoglobin increases the hemoglobin's affinity for subsequent oxygen molecules. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q50. Assertion: Expiration is not always a passive process.
Reason: Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles are involved in forceful expiration. Source: orcusprep.in

NEET Recommended MCQ A & R

easy

If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.

If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

If both Assertion and Reason are false.

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Biology - Breathing And Exchange Of Gases-A & R questions

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Biology - Breathing And Exchange Of Gases-A & R questions

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